Analgesics :
There are 2 main categories of commonly used analgesics: systemic non-opioid analgesics (eg, acetaminophen, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) and opioid analgesics (eg, opium, codeine, meperidine).
Acetaminophen :
Acetaminophen, a non-salicylate for aspirin in analgesic potency, has demonstrated efficacy and clear safety at all stages of pregnancy in standard therapeutic doses. Its established safety profile for use has been demonstrated in a recent study of thousands of pregnant women without an increased risk of congenital anomalies or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. 3
Aspirin :
It inhibits platelet function and maternal and fetal bleeding. As aspirin may contribute to, the risk potential is. 4 Aspirin has not been associated with other congenital anomalies, although this persistence remains, however, associated with increased risk of vascular disruption in particular gastroschisis. Has gone . 5 Overall, large trials demonstrate generally positive effects on the relative safety and reproductive outcomes of low-dose aspirin. 6
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs :
Non-salicylating NSAIDs are inhibited by peripheral cyclooxygenase and are therefore known to relieve pain through inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. They are included in medications such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketrolak. To date, studies have failed to show consistent evidence of increased teratogenic effects in either humans or animals following therapeutic doses during the first trimester. However, late pregnancy
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